SPC experts have identified areas where students underperformed in the PILNA 2021 writing assessment. There may be specific teaching and learning challenges that are limiting student performance in these areas. The main area that students had difficulty with was quality of ideas in writing.

To improve performance in this area, the following section describes the types of responses expected of students, shows the levels of writing that were demonstrated in PILNA 2021, and provides recommendations for teachers to improve student outcomes in this area.