Figure CRF4.2 shows the average reading score for this group and for year four students in Tuvalu in previous PILNA cycles. The score in 2021 was lower than in all previous PILNA cycles, while the standard deviation in 2021 was similar to that in 2018, and higher than in 2015. This means that the spread of year four overall reading scores was wider in 2021 than in 2015 but similar to the 2018 spread.

Standard deviation shows how close data points are to the average. A lower standard deviation means that data points are, overall, closer to the average; a higher standard deviation means that data points are, overall, further away from the average.