Figure CRF4.2 shows the average reading scores for this group and for year four students in Tokelau in previous PILNA cycles. The scores in 2021 were lower than all previous PILNA cycles. The scores in 2015 and 2018 were similar, then decreased in 2021. The standard deviation for the scores in 2021 was higher than in 2015, and slightly lower to that in 2018. This means that the spread of year four overall reading scores was wider in 2021 than in 2015 but narrower than in 2018.

Standard deviation shows how close data points are to the average. A lower standard deviation means that data points are, overall, closer to the average; a higher standard deviation means that data points are, overall, further away from the average.